Biography of Bessie Blount, American Inventor

Biography of Bessie Blount, American Inventor Bessie Blount (November 24, 1914–December 30, 2009) was an American physical therapist, forensic scientist, and inventor. While working with injured soldiers after World War II, she developed a device that allowed amputees to feed themselves; it delivered one mouthful of food at a time to patients whenever they bit down on a tube. Griffin later invented a receptacle that was a simpler and smaller version of the same, designed to be worn around a patients neck. Fast Facts: Bessie Blount Known For: While working as a physical therapist, Blount invented assistive devices for amputees; she later made contributions to the field of forensic science.Also Known As: Bessie Blount GriffinBorn: November 24, 1914 in Hickory, VirginiaDied: December 30, 2009 in Newfield, New JerseyEducation: Panzer College  of Physical Education and Hygiene (now Montclair State University)Awards and Honors: Virginia Women in History Honoree Early Life Bessie Blount was born in Hickory, Virginia, on November 24, 1914. She received her primary education at Diggs Chapel Elementary School, an institution that served African-Americans. However, a lack of public resources forced her to end her education before she had completed middle school. Blounts family then moved from Virginia to New Jersey. There, Blount taught herself the material required to earn her GED. In Newark, she studied to be a nurse at Community Kennedy Memorial Hospital. She went on to study at the Panzer College of Physical Education (now Montclair State University) and became a certified physical therapist. Physical Therapy After finishing her training, Blount began working as a physical therapist at the Bronx Hospital in New York. Many of her patients were soldiers who had been wounded during World War II. Their injuries, in some cases, prevented them from performing basic tasks, and Blounts job was to help them learn new ways to do these things using their feet or teeth. Such work was not only physical rehabilitation; its goal was also to help veterans regain their independence and sense of control. Inventions Blounts patients faced numerous challenges, and one of the biggest was finding and developing new ways to eat on their own. For many amputees, this was especially difficult. To help them, Blount invented a device that delivered one bite of food at a time through a tube. Each bite was released when the patient bit down on the tube. This invention allowed amputees and other injured patients to eat without assistance from a nurse. Despite its usefulness, Blount was unable to successfully market her invention, and she found no support from the United States Veterans Administration. She later donated the patent rights to her self-feeding device to the French government. The French put the device to good use, making life much easier for many war veterans. Later, when asked why she gave away the device for free, Blount said she wasnt interested in money; she simply wanted to prove that black women were capable of more than [nursing] babies and [cleaning] toilets. Blount continued to search for new ways to improve the lives of her patients. Her next invention was a portable receptacle support, which hung around the neck and allowed patients to hold objects near their face. The device was designed to hold a cup or a bowl, from which patients could sip using a straw. In 1951, Blount officially received a patent for her self-feeding device; it was filed under her married name, Bessie Blount Griffin. In 1953, she became the first woman and the first African-American to appear on the television show The Big Idea, where she exhibited some of her inventions. While working as a physical therapist for Theodore Miller Edison, the son of inventor Thomas Edison, Blount developed a design for a disposable emesis basin (the receptacle used to collect bodily fluids and waste in hospitals). Blount used a combination of newspaper, flour, and water to produce a material similar to papier-mache. With this, she made her first disposable emesis basins, which would have saved hospital workers from having to clean and sanitize the stainless steel basins used at the time. Once again, Blount presented her invention to the Veterans Administration, but the group had no interest in her design. Blount patented the invention and sold the rights to a medical supplies company in Belgium instead. Her disposable emesis basin is still used in Belgian hospitals today. Forensic Science Blount eventually retired from physical therapy. In 1969, she began working as a forensic scientist, assisting law enforcement officers in New Jersey and Virginia. Her main role was to translate the academic findings of forensic science research into practical guidelines and tools for officers on the ground. Over the course of her career, she became interested in the relationship between handwriting and human health; Blount had observed that writing- a fine-motor skill- could be affected by different forms of disease, including dementia and Alzheimers. Her inquiries into this area led her to publish a groundbreaking paper on medical graphology. Soon Blount was in high demand for her expertise in this emerging field. During the 1970s, she assisted police departments across New Jersey and Virginia, and she even served for a time as a chief examiner. In 1977, she was invited to London to assist British police with handwriting analysis. Blount became the first African-American woman to work for Scotland Yard. Death Blount died in Newfield, New Jersey, on December 30, 2009. She was 95 years old. Legacy Blount made major contributions in both the medical and forensic science fields. She is best remembered for the assistive devices she invented as a physical therapist and for her innovative work in graphology. Sources Inventors and Inventions. Marshall Cavendish, 2008.McNeill, Leila. The Woman Who Made a Device to Help Disabled Veterans Feed Themselves-and Gave It Away for Free. Smithsonian Institution, 17 Oct. 2018.Morrison, Heather S. Inventors of Health and Medical Technology. Cavendish Square, 2016.Overlooked No More: Bessie Blount, Nurse, Wartime Inventor and Handwriting Expert.The New York Times, 28 Mar. 2019.

Groups and Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Groups and Teams - Essay Example Several reasons were collected and comparison made. The major reasons that had affected the performance of the groups were: leadership, communication, perspective towards one another, and commitment. According to Tuckman, the issue of leadership can be resolved according to his model, which describes leadership in four stages namely; formation, forming, storming, norming, and adjourning. The latter being the end of the task. Leadership is the determinant of group success, and with Tuckman’s model, the team issues can be resolved. Keywords: Teams, Members, Communication, Leadership, Tuckman’s Model QUESTION ONE Factors that Caused Poor Functioning of Team A Lack of consistency in terms of attendance by 3 group members during the initial stages of project development, there was a lot of absenteeism. Lack of defined leadership; there was no right procedure for the appointment of leaders, in fact, there is the case where the caretaker and the organizer were appointed in the absence of some members. Poor communication approach: Due to various commitments of the members, it was difficult for them to meet; this was further affected by the methods of communication preferred by members. Some preferred face to face, while others preferred the use of discussion tools. Furthermore, these two methods had other challenges. For the case of face to face, there were conflicts on the meeting points, and at times failure by members to attend. For the case of discussion tools, some members did not have time to read what had been posted. These communication problems greatly affected the progress of the project. According to the statistics collected in the socio-gram, results showed that members could not work well with one another, since there were differences amongst them. Coping up with such an issue in a group is very difficult and usually leads to failure. Lenience of the members in dealing with defaulting members became a routine, and this resulted to overworking on the part of the other members, hence creation of imbalance of workloads. Lack of commitment: some members had taken lightly the task that was before them and therefore could not give it priority; ideas could not be well tapped and often, there was over reliance on a few individuals. Factors that led to Poor Functioning of Group B Late commencement of the project: the members dragged themselves too much, and this reduced their time to work, while they still had to beat the deadline. Poor communication: members rarely met and used discussion tools inadequately. Lack of commitment: this is seen through the two dropouts who earlier on showed some signs of commitment and later retreated. Internal conflicts: although some members denied this, it was still evident that misunderstandings prevailed; some were angry and stressed while doing the work, but could not communicate it out. Norms were not set to enable each member to have a guideline to follow. QUESTION TWO Comparison of Conflic ts in Group A and Group B Tickman’s stage two of group formation is regarded as the storming stage and is seen as the conflict stage. In terms of decision making, there are similarities between the two groups (group A and B). At one point, members agree on certain approaches, but fail to honor the decision. For the two groups, in most occasions, each member decides what to do, regardless of the impact on the project. The position of leadership differed in the two

English - Tablet vs. Laptop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English - Tablet vs. Laptop - Essay Example The latest in this competition is the laptop and the smaller more stylish tablet. Will the tablet drive the laptop into oblivion? Many variables come into place in that debate. This article views the debate from the standpoint of a tablet; a stylish, portable media device replacing a laptop, a portable computer. In the process of doing so we will initially examine the difference between the two based on the below factors. Price Portability Features From this evaluation, the essay hopes to provide (to also provide) a reasonable explanation as to why a tablet is not a computer. Competitiveness of Laptop and Tablet in Pricing Price is a very important factor for any product from a consumer point of view. It is dependent on many factors and is relative to usage. When we examine price based from the standpoint of functionality alone and we can see that laptops have an edge over tablets on this aspect. Pricing details of the Laptops: Laptops vary in prices and can be customized accordingly . Laptops are definitely cheaper than tablets due to a few reasons. One of the main reasons for this is that Laptops have been in the market for a long time and have been evolving to meet consumer demands. Today, the commercial side of laptop making is not only restricted to original design makers, thus, the need for competitive pricing has risen. You can get a net book with all the basic computing needs for as low as $350. The price range varies depending on features and this can be tailored according to usage needs and consumer needs. When tailoring a laptop to meet the usage demands based on memory and features, the price paid for one laptop can sometimes buy two tablets. However, when we get to this price point from the standpoint of a computer versus a portable media device, Laptops win. The Cost Front of Tablet: Tablets are costlier than laptops but it is worth the price as it provides impeccable facilities. The technology of a tablet has been under experimentation for a reall y long time. The tablet as we know came in 2010 when Apple Inc. released the Ipad, which was more media centric than PC centric. One of the main reasons for this has been to justify the price with the functions. The difference between the two is explained below. Since 2000, Microsoft has been experimenting along the lines of a tablet PC that works on a different Operating System (OS) as compared to a regular laptop. A tablet uses a lot of specialized technology in its venture to offer sophisticated features and increase portability while not reducing the PC experience. However, it has not been possible so far to create a PC tablet that can justify the price. The current tablets do not justify the price when looked at from the standpoint of the limitations in that particular functionality. Which Comes Best in Portability The need for portability is probably one of the driving factors for technological innovations. Here again the focus is on functionality and we can see that while tab lets are definitely more portable that even the smallest laptops they do not have all the functionality that a laptop as a computer can offer. What are laptops in Portability factor? Laptops are meant to be portable but are not that great when compared with tablets’ portability. With the fight to make things as pocket sized as possible, there are now new laptops that are small and lightweight, without too much compromise on screen resolution. When looking at portability we also have to look at it from the standpo

Impact of Globalisation on Australia

Impact of Globalisation on Australia Table of Contents 1. Title page 2. Table of Contents 3. Introduction 3.1 Map of Australia 4. Social Impacts of Globalisation 4.1 Positives 4.2 Negatives 4.3 The Verdict 5. Political Impacts of Globalisation 5.1 Positives 5.2 Negatives 5.3 The Verdict 6. Economic Impacts of Globalisation 6.1 Positives 6.2Negatives 6.3 The Verdict 7. Environmental impacts of Globalisation 7.1 Positives 7.2 Negatives 7.3 The Verdict 8. Conclusion 9. Bibliography Introduction Globalisation is what runs the modern world now especially with the ever-increasing knowledge and advance in technology connecting the world person to person. With modern technology, two people on different sides of the world can talk to each other with instant messaging. In this way the world grows smaller, quicker and easier to live in. It’s not just technology that influenced globalisation, the current ability to have cheap, quick and easy global trade that has given everyone on Earth something not native to their country. As Australia is a fairly new developed country, it is moving away from being a colonised country, globalisation has helped Australia become a wealthier country. Is Globalisation a good thing for Australia? How has Australia been affected and where? This report answers that question. Figure 1: Social Impacts on Australia Australian society has expanded to the entire world with modern technology and networking. Australians can now communicate to people around the world in an instant using instant messaging and phone calls as well as the increasing number of international Australian citizens. However, what effect does this have on Australia? Positives Australia is a fairly new country and often receives information and trade products latest out of most other countries. However, the invention of internet and network has enabled Australians to receive information and retail quicker as well as speak with people worldwide. Australia is close to 3rd world countries and is a fairly cheap source of refuge and international education, this also makes Australia a place for refugees and international families hoping for a good education for their children. Australia is moving closer to the rest of the modern world. Negatives With Australia slowly becoming more culturally and ethnically diverse, unwanted attention is being brought to Australia. The recent G20 meeting has started protests across the wealthier and poorer countries to stop G20 as it may separate the world and throw the economy off balance as well as raising awareness for world crisis and demanding for public needs. The public has also divided to challenge the governments to allow or ban refugees from entering Australia. When Australia allows refugees to enter Australia, people protests as the refugees may bring diseases, spies and war. When Australia sends refugees back then Australians protest to allow refugees in the country. The Verdict Australia has been mainly positively affected by globalisation in society, particularly in the tourist industry. Australia is one of the most unique countries for its strange geographic structure and wildlife. When tourist and refugees that have gained citizenship have seen the country that is Australia, The tourist and refugees will arrange for their friends and family to travel. Political Impacts on Australia Australian government has strong connections with other nations with official visits and assisting with international and worldwide affairs. Recent Australian government has made Australia a very involved country with the world, involving Australia in many world affairs such as wars, political meetings and attending to crises. Positives Involving Australia internationally was the right choice to make a good image other countries. Assisting in wars, attending casual and business meetings as well as just being there for a handshake has given off the image that Australia is a friendly country and a great continent†¦ Negatives Sometimes the Australian government forgets that there is such a thing as too involved. People have died in assisting international wars, several citizens live in fear of war being brought to Australia through involvement and asylum. G20 has scared off some of the poorer countries and some are taking advantage of the meeting and protesting for the world leaders to serve their needs. The Verdict Currently Australia has good favours with wealthier countries but connections with the poorer countries is rusty or unknown due to involvement. However, the country has benefitted from the government’s decisions, connections made and favours from Britain. Australia is also slowly getting wealthier, only a decade ago, people mainly drove cheap but practical Japanese cars but now expensive and better looking European cars are driving around the streets. Economic Impacts on Australia Australia has been isolated from other continents for billions of years and this has allowed Australia to hid it’s valuables until modern technology found them. Australia is rich in iron and coal and as the country itself doesn’t need it, all the raw materials are sold overseas. However, how much is used here and how much is bought from overseas? Positives Australia’s economy is focused on the mining industry and its exports. Australia exports mainly to countries with low iron, coal and gold deposits such as major Asian countries with fast development and requirement for steel. Modern technology has allowed for a year of mining to travel to overseas countries in less than two weeks by boat and about a week by plane factoring in the travel time from mine to port. Being a top exporter for mining products, this makes Australia a favourite for metal exports, most exports going to China, Japan, Korea and the United States. Apart from mining and gas exports Australian farming, medicinal chemicals and animal food products are bought by other countries and combined with all the other top exported products, Australia makes approximately $249 billion from raw materials. Negatives As Australia is a developed country, everyone is trying to stay up to date with the rest of the world and imports computers, machines, parts and cars which are all new, always updating and very expensive. Cars also need fuel to run on so large imports of crude and refined petroleum are bought in plenty as well as medicine for Australia’s sick and injured. Overall, adding all the top imports together, Australia spends about $240 billion on imports, only about $9 billion of profit. The Verdict Australia spends large amounts of money on imports and leaving a little left for saving. Being a young country means Australia doesn’t have a good economic foundation to build on or much variety to offer. To keep up with the world, much has to be imported mostly computers and many different types of machines, all new and expensive. With $249 billion made from exports and $240 billion spent on imports, quite a lot of the products imported are used and not re-sold. Possibly the only time Australia made the most money was during the gold rush and the start of the microchip age. Environmental Impacts on Australia Australia was an originally isolated country where people lived with and not off of the country until European settlement started and the coasts were over taken with modern technology. Was European settlement really beneficial for Australia? Was the old way of living for the indigenous the better way? Which way is better now? Positives In one way, being a young country is good, the Australia is possibly the least polluted and destroyed major European country. Australia is often choosing the most sustainable options for the country as the wildlife and vegetation native is not found anywhere else and currently, introduction of wildlife and vegetation is taking over much of the original land. Negatives Australia is mostly dusty red desert with dry deep-rooted plants, it is also where most of the most plentiful raw mining materials are. Australia is a country that can relate to District 12 of Panem, a country of miners. The desert of Australia is slowly becoming more unstable with the replacement of short-rooted plants, the dust storms of 2009 were caused by the combination of uprooted plants, bushfires, salinity and holes in the country for mining. People experience low visibility, possible blindness, dusty clothes, machines and houses. The dust was dumped all over Eastern Australia and the surrounding seas and coasts. The Verdict Too much has happened to the country that has not helped, the gold rush, introduction of wildlife and vegetation and general European influence from settlement. The way the indigenous Australians lived was a more peaceful and safe than the modern way of life where the more people rip up the land, the better for the people. Soon there would be nothing left for humans to live on and technology won’t be able to feed us. Conclusion Australia has mostly benefited from globalisation in terms of Social and political, however, the economic and environmental aspects are still in between good and bad†¦ Bibliography Cite This For Me, (2014). Cite This For Me: Automatic bibliography generator. [online] Available at: https://www.citethisforme.com/ [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Citewrite.qut.edu.au, (2014). QUT cite|write Writing a report. [online] Available at: http://www.citewrite.qut.edu.au/write/report.jsp [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. DCosta, A. (2014). Will growth mean more jobs? Not necessarily. [online] ABC News. Available at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-14/dcosta-g20-should-focus-on-jobs-not-growth/5891308 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2014]. Fisher, M. (2013). A revealing map of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most and least ethnically diverse countries. [online] Washington Post. Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/05/16/a-revealing-map-of-the-worlds-most-and-least-ethnically-diverse-countries/ [Accessed 26 Nov. 2014]. Globalization101, (2014). What Is Globalization?. [online] Available at: http://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/ [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Green, J., Muller, S., Johnson, D., Danko, M., Barret, T. and Meyer, R. (2014). Globalization II Good or Bad?: Crash Course World History #42. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_iwrt7D5OA [Accessed 26 Nov. 2014]. Green, J., Muller, S., Johnson, D., Danko, M., Meyer, R. and Barret, T. (2014). Globalization I The Upside: Crash Course World History #41. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SnR-e0S6Ic [Accessed 26 Nov. 2014]. IMPACTS, G. (2014). GLOBALIZATION AND ITS SOCIAL-CULTURAL-POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/4668865/GLOBALIZATION_AND_ITS_SOCIAL-CULTURAL-POLITICAL_AND_ECONOMIC_IMPACTS [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Investopedia, (2014). How Globalization Affects Developed Countries. [online] Available at: http://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/10/globalization-developed-countries.asp [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Moodle.sjac.qld.edu.au, (2014). [emailprotected]: Login to the site. [online] Available at: https://moodle.sjac.qld.edu.au/moodle/course/view.php?id=718 [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Moodle.sjac.qld.edu.au, (2014). [emailprotected]: Login to the site. [online] Available at: https://moodle.sjac.qld.edu.au/moodle/mod/forum/view.php?id=24840 [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Morin, R. (2013). The most (and least) culturally diverse countries in the world. [online] Pew Research Center. Available at: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/07/18/the-most-and-least-culturally-diverse-countries-in-the-world/ [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Um.dk, (2014). What is a Trade Barrier. [online] Available at: http://um.dk/en/tradecouncil/barriers/what-is/ [Accessed 26 Nov. 2014].

An Inspector Calls & play Essay

Written by J. B. Priestley in 1945, An Inspector Calls is a play that follows the story of the Birling Family and their dealings with a woman, Eva Smith. The Birlings are a wealthy family and are happily celebrating an engagement when their evening is rudely interrupted by a police Inspector investigating the death of a working class girl. Throughout the course of the evening, the Inspector deftly uncovers their dirty little secrets and each of their involvements in the girl’s death. The play is set in an industrial town in the Midlands called Brumley. During 1912 in the Edwardian era, when the play was set, life was hard for the poor and even harder for women. There was very little help available for people and only the very desperate were given aid and even then they were sometimes not given enough. The local workhouse was available for the sick, old or handicapped but this was an unpleasant place. Women in 1912 were treated as inferior and they could not often do what men could; they were not allowed to vote, they were unlikely to go to university and get decent job and they were expected to give up their jobs once they were married. They did not have the same rights as men. The play starts with a long set of stage directions from which we learn a lot about the Birling family. They are wealthy as they employ a maid. It is also suggests that they are strongly ruled by their social duties and roles because it is said that Mrs Birling is ‘socially superior’ to Mr Birling suggesting that society plays a big role in the family’s life. This is further suggested by the fact that the men wear ‘tails and white ties’ to a family dinner signifying that the family are very proper and must be formal at all times – even in an informal setting. Even though it is quite formal, they are quite happy and cheerful as they have been celebrating a special occasion. The atmosphere is shown by the lighting which should be ‘pink and intimate’ hinting at a happy care-free family feel. However, when the Inspector comes in, the lighting should be harsher as the entrance of the Inspector destroys the family atmosphere and creates a harsh atmosphere.

American Literature Essay Topics Reviews & Guide

American Literature Essay Topics Reviews & Guide Authors make a chance for students due to the fact that they write from a historical perspective and offer a visual landscape of their societies since they experienced it. Ethnic literature usually will revolve around the story of someone of a group of folks who fight to acquire personal or societal freedoms like equal opportunities and a completely free pursuit of liberty and justice. Therefore, American Literature is vital together its contribution to the present state of the United State can't be ignored. Moreover, American literature studying in different countries gives foreigners the chance to get to understand American culture, history, and terrific works of the huge authors better. Writing about poems requires a unique strategy. Our writers are extremely experienced and have comprehensive understanding of the American literature. Literary works that were produced in the usa as well as its prior colonies is what's k nown as American literature. American Literature is a totally self-paced course. Our American Literature course is totally self-paced. Soldier's Home is a tale that's heavily influenced by the life span of its writer. Review the present Literature tendencies. The original idea of writing the thesis is to supply the reader with a summary that's general and at the very same time engaging. The title ought to be suitable for the paper based on the matter. Because of the character of the essay, it's not essential to come up with a thesis statement. Any very good thesis statement needs to be debatable in regard to presenting the perspective. Want to Know More About American Literature Essay Topics? To compose successful English literature essay, you should break the subject down in a variety of components. Thanks to the correct option of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to accomplish in your essay, there are plenty of categories essay themes may be broken into. There are various kinds of literature essays. The secret to writing a Shakespearian excellent essay are available within this list of Shakespearian literary analysis essay topics. Be conscious of the size it must be and begin writing the narrative essay outline. There are a lot of excellent essay collections readily available on the internet. Don't become sloppy with your essay structure simply because you've got a couple more pages to express yourself. To learn to name the writer by looking through his literary work you could be asked to compose a string of essays to research on the stylistic capabilities. Such qualities aren't mutually exclusive, naturally, and might overlap. Once every so often, your instructor might ask you to analyze a more recent work. Some students utilize the very first idea which arrives in their head and work on it, but the outcome isn't successful. The Fight Against American Literature Essay Topics It is crucial to lay out quotes correctly because it shows you're professional of what you're doing. On our site you will discover a lot more useful distinctive information that is certain to be practical for junior and higher s chool kids from, like common home task essay about Hamlet, along with, for instance, application essays for college for future students. With endless possibilities and a deadline just around the corner, it's no surprise that you have turned to Google for a small inspiration and hints on getting the ideal paper topic. As long since it is linked to your specific region of study, it ought to be guaranteed to be the proper topic for you. The very first step is to choose a suitable topic when you're creating an essay on Literature. Pick a topic that either interests you or one which you feel as if you really understand so you can write a great essay that proves your point. Writing a literary paper can be a lot quicker in the event that you pick a topic that really interests you. The decision of the essay ought to be firm and sum up the full article. You are not going to find it difficult to pick a topic for British literature term paper. The American Dream is merely illusion. Ethnic writers might have a hard time regarding American ideals and cultural references since they will differ from the cultural references and ideals of their own nation. Order and emphasis will be contingent on bias of question. The American citizenry started to adopt a feeling of nationalism between 1789 and 1830.

Report writing tips

Reports are becoming more and more popular in colleges. The reason for that is that it is a really good way for students to engage with practice and see their abilities working in real world and business. Making reports is a substantial part of the work of people of different professions and that is why it is important to learn how to do them effectively while still in college. There are numerous kinds of reports. First of all there are practical and theoretical reports. The first ones are the reports people write for their jobs and the latter ones are used for studying purposes. Academic reports (which are the main topic for this article) are also divided into different categories: reports of a field trip or field work, reports of industrial visit, medical reports, reports on business, technical reports etc. But all these reports despite of all their differences have something in common. The knowledge of some general tips may help you to make your report good no matter what kind of report it is. First of all think about the audience for your report and answer the questions about them. What do they know about the topic? What do they need to learn? What do they want to know? After that you need to analyze the task of your report, which will help you to realize how vast and how complicated it should be. The next thing you need to consider is to make a good structure and format of your report. It will definitely make your report more effective and the audience will be really thankful for easy-understandable format. Be sure to make a sufficient research before you start writing the report. Make sure all the sources are reliable. Never forget to review your paper. It is always good to take a look through it after the paper is done and be sure it will most likely need some corrections. Make sure the entire report is written either in active or in passive voice. If you need to present your report remember to keep it as simple as possible so that the audience will understand everything. Restate all the most important points in the summary and provide the adjustments you think are suitable. These tips are only a partial help for you, but once you follow all of them and adjust your report according to them you will be more then likely to receive good grade and succeed.